2021
Stone, Taylor
Design for values and the city Journal Article
In: Journal of Responsible Innovation, vol. 8, iss. 3, pp. 364-381, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: design for values, philosophy of the city, responsible innovation, smart cities, urban innovation, urban technology, value sensitive design
@article{nokey,
title = {Design for values and the city},
author = {Taylor Stone},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2021.1909813},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-21},
urldate = {2021-04-21},
journal = {Journal of Responsible Innovation},
volume = {8},
issue = {3},
pages = {364-381},
abstract = {This paper undertakes a critical and constructive investigation into the applicability of value sensitive design (VSD) and design for values (DfV) methodologies for urban technologies, as a means to envision and enact responsible urban innovations. In particular, this paper focuses on the identification and analysis of values in urban technologies. First, an important methodological critique is highlighted, namely the vague articulation of ‘values' in VSD and DfV discourse. Next, cities are characterized as open, dynamic, and evolving systems, with ‘urban technologies’ as co-shapers of this process. This highlights the unique conditions requiring attention in order to arrive at a robust understanding of the relationship between values and urban technologies. Finally, these insights are combined to propose and sketch six heuristic principles aimed at surfacing and analysing values in urban technologies, offering a refinement of value-sensitive methodologies for the context of urban technological innovation.},
keywords = {design for values, philosophy of the city, responsible innovation, smart cities, urban innovation, urban technology, value sensitive design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper undertakes a critical and constructive investigation into the applicability of value sensitive design (VSD) and design for values (DfV) methodologies for urban technologies, as a means to envision and enact responsible urban innovations. In particular, this paper focuses on the identification and analysis of values in urban technologies. First, an important methodological critique is highlighted, namely the vague articulation of ‘values' in VSD and DfV discourse. Next, cities are characterized as open, dynamic, and evolving systems, with ‘urban technologies’ as co-shapers of this process. This highlights the unique conditions requiring attention in order to arrive at a robust understanding of the relationship between values and urban technologies. Finally, these insights are combined to propose and sketch six heuristic principles aimed at surfacing and analysing values in urban technologies, offering a refinement of value-sensitive methodologies for the context of urban technological innovation.
Nagenborg, Margoth González Woge Taylor Stone Michael; Vermaas, Pieter (Ed.)
Technology and the City: Towards a Philosophy of Urban Technologies Book
Springer International Publishing, 2021, ISBN: 9783030523138.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: design for values, philosophy, responsible innovation, urban design, value:democracy
@book{Nagenborg2021,
title = {Technology and the City: Towards a Philosophy of Urban Technologies},
editor = {Margoth González Woge Taylor Stone Michael Nagenborg and Pieter Vermaas},
url = {https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-52313-8#about},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52313-8},
isbn = {9783030523138},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-25},
urldate = {2021-02-25},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
abstract = {The contributions in this volume map out how technologies are used and designed to plan, maintain, govern, demolish, and destroy the city. The chapters demonstrate how urban technologies shape, and are shaped, by fundamental concepts and principles such as citizenship, publicness, democracy, and nature. The many authors herein explore how to think of technologically mediated urban space as part of the human condition. The volume will thus contribute to the much-needed discussion on technology-enabled urban futures from the perspective of the philosophy of technology. This perspective also contributes to the discussion and process of making cities ‘smart’ and just. This collection appeals to students, researchers, and professionals within the fields of philosophy of technology, urban planning, and engineering.},
keywords = {design for values, philosophy, responsible innovation, urban design, value:democracy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The contributions in this volume map out how technologies are used and designed to plan, maintain, govern, demolish, and destroy the city. The chapters demonstrate how urban technologies shape, and are shaped, by fundamental concepts and principles such as citizenship, publicness, democracy, and nature. The many authors herein explore how to think of technologically mediated urban space as part of the human condition. The volume will thus contribute to the much-needed discussion on technology-enabled urban futures from the perspective of the philosophy of technology. This perspective also contributes to the discussion and process of making cities ‘smart’ and just. This collection appeals to students, researchers, and professionals within the fields of philosophy of technology, urban planning, and engineering.
2018
Stone, Taylor
The Value of Darkness: A Moral Framework for Urban Nighttime Lighting Journal Article
In: Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 607–628, 2018, ISSN: 1471-5546.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: artificial light at night, darkness, design for values, environmental ethics, light pollution, nighttime illumination
@article{Stone2018,
title = {The Value of Darkness: A Moral Framework for Urban Nighttime Lighting},
author = {Taylor Stone},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-9924-0},
doi = {10.1007/s11948-017-9924-0},
issn = {1471-5546},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
journal = {Science and Engineering Ethics},
volume = {24},
number = {2},
pages = {607–628},
abstract = {The adverse effects of artificial nighttime lighting, known as light pollution, are emerging as an important environmental issue. To address these effects, current scientific research focuses mainly on identifying what is bad or undesirable about certain types and uses of lighting at night. This paper adopts a value-sensitive approach, focusing instead on what is good about darkness at night. In doing so, it offers a first comprehensive analysis of the environmental value of darkness at night from within applied ethics. A design for values orientation is utilized to conceptualize, define, and categorize the ways in which value is derived from darkness. Nine values are identified and categorized via their type of good, temporal outlook, and spatial characteristics. Furthermore, these nine values are translated into prima facie moral obligations that should be incorporated into future design choices, policy-making, and innovations to nighttime lighting. Thus, the value of darkness is analyzed with the practical goal of informing future decision-making about urban nighttime lighting.},
keywords = {artificial light at night, darkness, design for values, environmental ethics, light pollution, nighttime illumination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The adverse effects of artificial nighttime lighting, known as light pollution, are emerging as an important environmental issue. To address these effects, current scientific research focuses mainly on identifying what is bad or undesirable about certain types and uses of lighting at night. This paper adopts a value-sensitive approach, focusing instead on what is good about darkness at night. In doing so, it offers a first comprehensive analysis of the environmental value of darkness at night from within applied ethics. A design for values orientation is utilized to conceptualize, define, and categorize the ways in which value is derived from darkness. Nine values are identified and categorized via their type of good, temporal outlook, and spatial characteristics. Furthermore, these nine values are translated into prima facie moral obligations that should be incorporated into future design choices, policy-making, and innovations to nighttime lighting. Thus, the value of darkness is analyzed with the practical goal of informing future decision-making about urban nighttime lighting.
Dignum, Virginia
Responsible artificial intelligence: designing AI for human values Journal Article
In: ITU Journal: ICT Discoveries, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: artificial intelligence, design for values, ethics, societal impact, value:accountability
@article{Dignum2017,
title = {Responsible artificial intelligence: designing AI for human values},
author = {Virginia Dignum},
url = {https://www.itu.int/en/journal/001/Pages/01.aspx},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-01},
urldate = {2018-03-01},
journal = {ITU Journal: ICT Discoveries},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-8},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly affecting our lives in smaller or greater ways. In order to ensure that systems will uphold human values, design methods are needed that incorporate ethical principles and address societal concerns. In this paper, we explore the impact of AI in the case of the expected effects on the European labor market, and propose the accountability, responsibility and transparency (ART) design principles for the development of AI systems that are sensitive to human values.},
keywords = {artificial intelligence, design for values, ethics, societal impact, value:accountability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly affecting our lives in smaller or greater ways. In order to ensure that systems will uphold human values, design methods are needed that incorporate ethical principles and address societal concerns. In this paper, we explore the impact of AI in the case of the expected effects on the European labor market, and propose the accountability, responsibility and transparency (ART) design principles for the development of AI systems that are sensitive to human values.